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英语中的时态有多种，但语态只有两种，即：主动语态和被动语态。被动语态由“be + 及物动词的过去分词”构成，其主语是动作的承受者。

一、被动语态的构成

二、使用被动语态须注意的几个问题

1. 被动语态有时也可由“get + 及物动词的过去分词”构成。如：

She rushed out of the door as soon as she got dressed.

2. 不及物动词无被动语态。如：rise, appear, die, disappear, fail, happen, last, remain, sit, spread, stand等。如：

[误] The price has been risen.

[正] The price has risen.

[误] The accident was happened last week.

[正] The accident happened last week.

3． 系动词无被动语态。如：be, become, feel, get, smell, sound, seem, taste等。如：

That music sounds good.

4． 某些及物动词或短语动词也不用于被动语态。如：cost, fit, hold, own, wish, notice, watch, break out, come about, come true, take place等。如：

This key just fits the lock.

I hope your dream will come true.

5． 某些动词(如：read, sell, wash, clean, lock, write, draw, shut, wear, cut, write等)与副词well, badly, easily等连用表示性能时，常用主动表被动。如：

This pen writes well.

This knife cuts easily.

6． 在need, require, want, worth（adj.），deserve等后的动词?鄄ing必须用主动形式来表示被动（相当于不定式的被动式）。如：

This book is worth reading (= to be read).

Eric, don’t you think your clothes need washing (= to be washed)?

[小试] 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

1. Visitors _____ not to touch the exhibition.(NMET2001)

A. will request B. request

C. are requesting D. are requested

2. —How are the team playing?

—They’re playing well, but one of them _____ hurt. (北京2002)

A. got B. gets C. are D. were

3. According to the art dealer, the painting _____ to go for at least a million dollars. (2004全国卷Ⅱ)

A. is expected B. expects

C. expected D. is expecting

4. The first use of atomic weapons was in 1945, and their power _____ increased enormously ever since.

(上海2004)

A. is B. was C. has been D. had been

5. All the employees except the manager _____ to work online at home. (广东2004)

A. encourages B. encourage

C. is encouraged D. are encouraged

6. The hero’s story _____ differently in the newspapers.(2005全国卷Ⅰ)

A. was reported B. was reporting

C. reports D. reported

7. More than a dozen students in that school _____ abroad to study medicine last year. (上海2005)

A. sent B. were sent

C. had sent D. had been sent

8. Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea, which _____ the Pacific, and we met no storms. (辽宁2005)

A. was called B. is called

C. had been called D. has been called

江西 廖添发

Key: 1-4 DAAC 5-8 DABB