运用词汇的重现或者复现关系

5.运用词汇的重现或者复现关系

词汇的重现或者复现关系是英语知识运用考查的一个方面。它是指某一词以原词、指代词、同义词、反义词、上义词（animal是tiger上义词）、概括词等重新出现在整个文章的前后，整个文章因为它的出现而得到了衔接。所以，有时一个空格中所要求填的单词往往就是在该空格之前或者之后出现过，只是以重现词的方式出现，而不一定是该词的完全相同的面目。而词汇的重现则是该词在整个篇章中多次以同样的面目出现，这样我们可以根据上下文，找出该词。

●例如 1995年第43，45题

The purpose of non–REM sleep is even more 43. The new experiments, such as those described for the first time at a recent meeting of the Society for Sleep Research in Minneapolis, suggest fascinating explanations45of non–REM sleep.

43［A］ subtle［B］ obvious［C］ mysterious［D］ doubtful

45［A］ in the light［B］ by virtue［C］ with the exception［D］ for the purpose

细心寻找可发现，文章开头说的the purpose of nonREM sleep和结尾的of non–REM sleep.遥相呼应。45题空白处为purpose一词的重现，所以45填［D］ for the purpose。而在后文的fascinating就指示43应填与其同义的词，fascinating为mysterious的重现词。因此43题［C］mysterious正确，因为两者都表示“神秘的、为之着迷”的意思。

●例如 1996年第43题：

There are thirteen of them, and if 43 is missing a deficiency disease becomes apparent．

43.［A］ any［B］ some［C］ anything［D］ something

此处讲13种维生素都很重要，缺一不可，只能选any指代其中任何一种。这种指代关就是词汇的复现，只是需要我们理解他们之间的关系。

●例如 2004年第30题

Changes in the social structure may indirectly affect juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that (30) to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment in general make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may

in turn lead more youths into criminal behavior.

30［A］ point［B］ lead［C］ come［D］ amount

本题答案线索应返回到本文第一段第1句的causes一词。全文谈论有关青少年犯罪原因的理论。30题空白处前的“经济变化”与空白处后的“日益减少的就业机会”又是一对causes（因）和effect（果）关系。故选项B（lead to导致）是正确答案。

对于词汇的复现或者词汇的重现现象，我们应该迅速地在考试过程中正确判断指代关系。使用指代词(即人称代词、指示代词、关系代词及表示指示的形容词或副词等)是词汇复现中最经常发生的。指代关系不明确可导致理解偏差，以致无法做出正确选择。而在做题过程，如何找出指代词，并且搞清楚该指代词所指代的对象是最为关键的。即使在考题中没有考查代词的项目时，也应利用文中的指代照应关系尽快把握文意。

●例如 1991年试题

①When television first began to expand, very few of the people who had become famous as radio commentators were able to be equally effective on television.②Some of the difficulties they experienced when they were trying to 46 adapt themselves to the new medium were technical.③When working 47 on radio, for example, they had become 48 accustomed to seeing on behalf of the listener.④This 49 art of seeing for others means that the commentator has to be very good at talking.⑤50Above all, he has to be able to 51create a continuous sequence of visual images which 52 add meaning to the sounds which the listener hears.⑥In the 53 case of television, however, the commentator sees everything with the viewer.⑦His role, therefore, is 54 completely different.⑧He is there to make 55 sure that the viewer dose not miss some point of interest, to help him 56 focus on particular things, and to 57 interpret the images on the television screen .⑨58 unlike his radio colleague, he must know the 59 value of silence and how to use it at those moments 60 when the pictures speak for themselves.（注意黑体字的先行词和其对应的指代词）

第②句中的人称代词they，themselves指代第①句中的very few of the people who had become famous as radio commentators（成为了著名的无线电评论员的少数人）；the new medium（新媒体）指代第①句中的television（电视）。

第③句中的人称代词they同样是指代第①句中的very few of the people who had become famous as radio commentators。

第⑤句中的人称代词he是指代第④句中的the commentator（无线电评论员）。同样在这一句中的第一个关系代词 which是指代它之前的visual images（视频图像），第二个关系代词 which指代它之前的the sounds（声音）。

第⑦句中的人称代词 His指代第⑥句中的the commentator（电视评论员），而不是the viewer（电视观众）。

第⑧句中的人称代词 He也是指代第⑥句中的the commentator（电视评论员），同样在这一句中的人称代词him也是指代同一句中的the viewer（电视观众）。

第⑨句中的人称代词 his, he还是指代第⑥句中的the commentator（电视评论员）。同样在这一句中的指代词It指代同一句中的the value of silence（沉默的价值）。

英语知识运用题有时利用代词考查对短文的理解或语言知识的掌握。解答英语知识运用试题时，主要注意代词和被指代名词的单复数是否一致。一般说来，it指代可数名词单数、不可数名词或抽象概念；they前通常有可数名词的复数；不定代词one代替可数名词单数，ones代替可数名词复数，none代替可数名词单复数和不可数名词。另外，each，any，some, either，neither等不定代词也是考查对上下文关系的理解。