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四六级考试阅读理解命题规律应试技巧２ 2001年06月19日11:05:18 中国教育热线 |
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一般而言，转折后的内容常常是语义的重点，命题者常对转折处的内容进行提问。转折一般通过however, but, yet, in fact等词或短语来引导。强对比常由unlike, until, not so much…as等词或短语引导。命题者常对用来对比的双方属性进行考查。 此类考点常出现在逻辑推理型题中，少数出现于其它题型中。 例1. Some observers say the fault is with the young people…. But that's a condemnation of the students as a whole…. Others blame the state of the world…But disappointed graduates are learning that it can no longer absorb an army of trained twenty-two-year-olds, either.(见《分册》P148页例4). Q：According to the passage the problems of college education partly arise from the fact that _______ . (A) society cannot provide enough jobs for properly trained college graduates. (B) High school graduates do not fit the pattern of college education. (C) Too many students have to earn their own living. (D) College administrators encourage students to drop out. (分析：选A项。考生阅读文章时，应注意到文中有两个"but"的转折，特别是段末一转折句意即：但失望的毕业生了解到社会再也不能吸收大量的23岁的训练有素的大学生。这一转折后的内容正好是解答题干问题的依据，我们从这句话可以推断出大学考试之所以出了问题部分源于一个事实，即A项：社会不能为训练有素的大学生提供足够工作。此属逻辑推理题。) 例2…Unlike other lawbreakers, who must leave the country, commits suicide, or go to jail, computer criminals sometimes escape punishment, demanding….(见《分册》P161页例2) Q：It can be conduced from the passage that ________ .(分析：这道题属逻辑推理题，命题者利用unlike进行强烈对比，要求考生推断出正确结论。具体分析见《分册》P165页例2答案。) 例3 Beauty has always been regard as something praiseworthy. Almost everyone thinks attractive more respectable occupations. Personal consultants give them better advice for finding jobs. Even judges are softer on attentive defendants(被告)。But in the executive circle, beauty can become a liability. Q：The author writes this passage to _______ . (A) discuss the negative aspects of being attractive. (B) Give advice to job-seekers who are attractive. (C) Demand equal rights for women. (D) Emphasize the importance of appearance. (分析：选A项。属主旨大意类题型。前面都是讲美给人带来的种种好处，用but突然进行转折，考生即可推测出下面要讲美给人带来的不利方面了。) 例4. The sensation of sound involves a verity of factors in addition to its peak level.…In regular programming the intensity of sound varies over a large rage. However, sound levels in commercials tend to stay at or near peak level.（见《分册》P14例8） Q: Commercials create the sensate at the highest sound level. (A)TV stations always operate at the highest sound level. (B)Their sound levels are kept around peak level. (C)Their sound levels are kept in the middle frequency rarges. (D)Unlike regular programs their intensity of sound varies over a wide range. (分析：选B项，该题属阐述说明主旨大意的事实细节题。用however作转折，指出商业节目的音量是保持或接近峰值（peak levels）。命题者给出的B答案中，只是对however后原句进行了词语和句型的转换，详析见《分册》P16页例8答案。) 5、复杂句常考 复杂句常是命题者出题之处，包括同位语、插入语、定语、长句后半句，从句、不定式、副词等，命题者主要考查考生对句子之间指代关系。文章段落之间关系的理解，常以逻辑推理题型出现，包括少量其它题型。 例1. As families move away from their stable community, their friends of many years, their extended family relationships, the informals flow of in formation is cut off, and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable…(见《分册》P104页例1). Q：The word "it" most probably refers to ________ . (A) the lack of stable communities. (B) The breakdown of informal imformation channels. (C) The increased mobility of families (D) The growing number of people moving from place to place.(分析：选B项，本题属句际关系推理题型，要善于分析句子结构，As引导的前半部分是状语从句，主句是"the informal flow of information is cut off"，with引导的短语表伴随。详析见《分册》P110页例1答案。) 例2. The manufacturer who increases the unit price of his product by his package size to lower the quantity delivered can, without undue hardship, put his product into boxes, bags, and tins that will contain even 4-iybcem, 8-ounce, one-pound, two-pound quantities of breakfast foods, cake, mixes, etc. Q：The word"undue" means " ______ "。 （A）improper (B)unexpected (C)adequate (D)excessive(分析：选D项，这属词汇题型，但需要分析句子结构和上下文逻辑。该句看似复杂，但结构容易分析，主语"the manufacturer",谓语"can put",宾语his product, who引导定语从句，that此引导定语从句，without undue hardship介词组作插入部分。句子结构分析好，全句意思就易弄懂，制造商改变包装大小或样式不需要过多的艰辛努力，故选D。) 例3…All this will lead to a population in the twenty first century that is smaller than was feared a few years ago. For those anxious to see world population brang by under ventral the news is encouraging. Q:The population in the 21st century,arousing to the writer,_____. (A) will be smaller than a few gears ago. (B) will not be as small as people expect. (C) will prove to be a threat to the world. (D) will not constitute as serious a problem as expected. （分析：选D项。属逻辑推理型题。考生关键要理解that引导的定语从句意思，然后联系下句，便知D项是正确选项。） 6、因果句常考 命题者常以文中因果句命制一些考查文中两个事件内在的因果关系的试题，或出些概括文意、段意试题。一般以"推理性"题型和主旨大意题型出现，兼顾少量其它题型。表示因果关系的词有：because, since, for，as, therefore, consequently, result in, originate from等。 例1. Why? Because company executives are afraid of the bad publicity that would result if the public found out that their computer had been misused . They hesitate at the thought of a criminal boasting in opera court of how… Q：The passage is mainly about______ . (A) why computer crimes are difficult to detect by systematic inspection. (B) Why computer criminals are often able to escape punishment. (C) How computer criminals manage to get good recommendations from their former employers. (D) Why computer crimes can't be eliminated. (分析：选D项。属主旨大意型。文章前几段说到了利用计算机犯罪的人即使被抓，不仅不受惩罚，而且还会得到以前老板充满热情的推荐信。这是什么原因呢（why?）Because…作了回答。这也就是全文要告诉读者的关于计算机犯罪清除不了的原因，故选D。) 例2…Certainly it (telephone) has extended the scope of human conflicts, since it impartially disseminates(传播)the useful knowledge of scientists and the nonsense of the ignorant, the affection of the affectionate and the malice(恶意)of the malicious. Q:The author describes the telephone as impartial because it______. (A) saves lives of people in remote places. (B) Enables people to live alone if they want to. (C) Spreads both love and ill will (D) Replaces much written communication. (分析：选C项。属逻辑推理型题。Since引导的从句表明电话不偏不倚地传播着科学家的真言，无知者的废话，仁者之爱心，恶者之恶意。因此，从这句话我们可以推断出电话"spreads both love and ill will"故选C)。 例3…The primary reason why it was revolutionary is that it led to great social change…(见《分册》P19页例6) Q：According to the author, the introduction of the composer is a revolution mainly because . (A) the computer has revolutionized the working of the human mind. (B) The computer can do the tasks that could only be done by people before. (C) It has helped to switch to an information technology. (D) It has a great potential impact on society. (分析：选D项。属逻辑推理型题。原段首句就交待了没有什么技术发展比计算机革命对我们生活产生的影响要大。然后指出工业革命之所以是一切革命在于它导致了巨大的社会变化。由此可以推断，计算机的诞生之所以是一场革命主要是D项：it has a great potential impact on society.) 手机短信，推荐新闻给好友 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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